Internal Policies (Accounting Ethics) Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Internal Policies (Accounting Ethics) - Essay ExampleThe basis of all the policies for having a successful business postulate is that of privacy and confidentiality. The details of the clients atomic number 18 not divulged in any way. The draft can be as followsAfter potential offers have been received from the orthogonal parties for business contracts, our internal department of quality control goes through all the possible nooks or corners of the proposal that verifies the proposal and intention of the clientsAfter the initial verifications, the designate department of the firm indulges into in-house analysis of the proposed contract and checks all the clauses and subsections. Also, the department looks into the expected benefit of the organisation from the proposed contactAlong with the above policies, the most important actor remains that of confidentiality and privacy as sharing intricate, explicit and implicit details of our present future, past or would have been clients are against the ethics practised by our firmOur firms basically use electronic communication system to maintain the two-way flow of communication with their clients and for official uses. We use emails to get their clients up to - particular date development and details with the present status of their assignments. Various accounting softwares are also used to maintain the accounts of the clients. With the improvements of the technology, nowadays all filling of firms and reporting are being done by the internet. The example of corporate filing can take into consideration which needs online filling with Ministry of Corporate Affairs. Even various forms are to be filled up online. Therefore, the policies for electronic communication of the accounting firms should be strong enough. While assigning a project, the clients always provide some documents and information to the accounting firm. It may be in paper format or electronic format but they have to retain all those document safe ly. They essential ensure that the valuable documents

Facebook - The Question of Privacy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Facebook - The Question of Privacy - Essay ExampleUsers of the Facebook website vary from individuals who post profiles with photographs and videos freely to the other end of the spectrum, those who post, but secure their profiles out of fear that their ad hominem information is at risk (Sutherland). A contradiction exists in regards to perspectives on covert. People want to feel safe on the Internet, going to great lengths to besmirch their cyber footprint (Changing Ways), from removing their suffer information from directories to complaining about their houses being visible on Google Earth (Grayling). Yet, millions of other people cannot spend a single day without Internet- opening, informing the world of their every action via Twitter and updating their Facebook status with their every thought, a plethora of photographs and individualized inside information. Perhaps the attraction is in the protrusion of an ideal or image rather than conveying truth (Grayling). That said, Gra yling implies websites like Facebook, YouTube, Twitter, chat rooms, and other blog sites, may not be extinguishing users privacy as much as people think.... For example, users ar now prompted to accept the Facebook terms and conditions when opening an application for the first time, granting the application developer access to personal contact information from the users personal profile. This change is geared toward one of Facebooks largest company initiatives for 2011e-commerce (Townsend). Although users are prompted to accept or decline the granting of access to personal information when the permission box pops up, it is unlikely that users will read the new terms. Townsend suggests most Internet users have been trained to bypass the fine print and pop off to the bottom line, clicking anything necessary to get them to what they were initially trying to do. Facebook cannot be blamed for users failing to read the fine print, can they? Based on Townsends interrogation on the subje ct of privacy and recent changes made by the company, it seems Facebook is focusing on profiting from the personal information of its users. The value of contact information and personal details that are provided on the website so freely serves as one of the companys greatest potential revenue streams for the future (Townsend). While Facebook is protecting itself by adding new terms to the permission box that pops up when users access developer applications, it may not only be Facebook benefiting from the personal details being transmitted. Townsend describes rogue applications that are intended to farm user information by pretending to be something they are not. Facebook claims to carefully monitor scams (Facebook) such as faux applications that gain access to users information in this manner, but it could take several days before the application is caught and eliminated meaning countless users at the hands

How did the wartime mobilization affect American politics what were Essay

How did the wartime mobilization affect American politics what were the provisions of the GI Bill what was weighty about the 1944 presidential election - Essay ExampleIntroduction of railway and conscription made mobilization an issue. Societal changes and the technology promoted the move toward a more than organized way of assembling armies. Although, the benefits of wartime mobilization did not create a level playing field for most Americans, there was transformation among the people and the democracy at large (it finished taking the United States out of the Great Depression) (Rosenberg, p629). The opportunity and obstacles that came either wartime mobilization affected the people the very way they vied themselves in the society. For instance, women moved into jobs that were largely dominated by men, hence changing the role of women in the society. Furthermore, mobilization brought about civil rights Africa Americans serving in were less probable to be segregated.The GI BILL wa s created to assist the World War II veterans. It provides low interest rate mortgages, established hospitals, and it provided stipends covering expenses and tuition for veterans attending dish out schools or colleges. The GI BILL is termed as one on most significant piece of legislation to be produced by the federal government. It had influenced the economic, social, and political side of the United States (Humes, p110) however, it almost never came to be due to the debate on the provisions of the GI BILL. However, despite all the differences they agreed that the veteran must be helped to be able to assimilate into the civilian life. It also was commonly referred to as the GI BILL of rights. As much as the congress was giving a chance for redemption some, saw it as a genuine attempt to thwart a looming economic and social crisis. Others saw inaction as a way of welcoming another depression.In 1944, the dominant issues at that time were war and peace. Therefore, the candidates wer e judged by their ability to compete with the war effort United States world the

Black Homelessness Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Black Homelessness - Essay ExampleIn this paper the grapple of black homelessness in the background of young people breathing in the project housing is dealt with. It is possible to view the issue of black homelessness on the background of the friendly theories that deal with such issues, the values and ethics, multidisciplinary working, anti-disciplinary practice, challenges faced by service users, challenges faced by housing support workers, supervision, discrimination, empowerment, young people kindly skills, integration into society, New Deal for young people, employment, partnership work with another(prenominal) agencies, legislation etc. The barriers affecting housing organisation, good argument between govt and local authority housing, housing law and homelessness, local authority housing resources allocations, and the animadversion of work done with young people living within housing projects also rouse strengthen the understanding of the issue. A close understanding of the issue of black homelessness confirms that there is a great relation between the social work and the housing issues, the agencies working in housing and practice in the surface area of black homelessness. ... Utilising theories of human behaviour and social systems, social work intervenes at the points where people interact with their environments. Principles of human rights and social justice are fundamental to social work. (Definition of Social Work, British Association of Social Workers). on that pointfore, the issue of black homelessness in the background of young people living in project housing can be understood as a serious social issue to be dealt with social workers. As specified in BASW, the works of a social worker include pertinent areas such as interpersonal practice, group work, community work, social development, social action, policy development, research, social work education and supervisory and managerial functions in these fields. Therefore, black homeles sness naturally becomes a pertinent issue that concerns the social worker. In this attempt of dealing with the issue, the social workers encounter several challenges. There are several specific values and ethics that contribute to the practice of social working among the homeless. Social work practice should both promote abide by for human dignity and pursue social justice, through service to humanity, integrity and competence. (Values and Principles, British Association of Social Workers). Thus, the responsibilities towards the service users need to be kept all-important(prenominal) by the social workers practicing in the area of black homelessness. Thus, they need to give priority to the service users interests, be aware of their cultural background, respect their privacy, confidentiality, and records etc. they also have responsibilities towards their profession, responsibilities in the workplace, responsibilities in particular roles etc which they need to keep all through

Young Modulus of Copper Essay Example for Free

Young Modulus of Copper EssayTheoryThe following quantities is important for the experiments concerns strain is defined as ? =Force / Cross-sectional area ( F/A ) dividing line is defined as ? = Extension / Natural length ( e/l )The ratio of Stress to Strain, is the Young modulus (E= ?/?)Since a stiffer material requires larger stress to produce the same strain , a stiffer material would have a greater Young modulus ( a greater slope in a graph of ? against ? ) .For a non brittle material, usually there are two stages of deformation before breaking. Stage 1 Elastic deformationIn this stage, the fit would return to its natural length when the stress is removed. Hookes law is usually obeyed in this stage, therefore the graph is almost a heterosexual line.When the telegram is further stretched, it r for each onees the elastic dividing line and get intostage 2.Stage 2 Plastic deformationIn this stage, the stress is non today proportional to the strain and and a small amount of stress can produce a large strain. If the wire passes the yield point, its will have fixed extension and will not return to its original length. Finally, when the wire is kept to stretched, it will break at the breaking point.ProcedureExperiment 1 arena the stress-strain behaviour of a copper wire1.A micrometer screw gauge was used to measure the diameter of the copper wire at several points. hatch value was taken and the cross-sectional area of the wire was calculated.2.A pulley was mounted on one side of the table. A 2 m segment of the wire was cut out and was clamped firmly by using a G-clamp which was at a distance about 1.5 m form the pulley.3.The wire was placed over the pulley. Some sensitivespapers were put one the ground below the pulley.4.A label marker is sticked on the wire at a distance about 0.5 m from the pulley. A metre rule was placed below the wire and was fixed on the table by sticky tape.5.A 100g hanger was tied to wire.6.The length between the G-clamp and t he sticker, which represents the natural length, was measured.7.100g dispatch was added to the hanger one by one , and the extension was recorded each time.8. despatch was kept increasing until the wire broke.Experiment 2 Elastic deformation and Young modulus1.A new wire of the same length and thickness was used and steps 1 to 7 in experiment 1 were repeated.2.Load was added to the hanger carefully. All the demoralize were removed each time to check whether the wire would return to the original length. Results were recorded.3.Step 2 was repeated until the elastic limit was just exceeded.Precautions1.The hanger should be more than 0.5 m above the newspapers. This allows the wire to get enough space for extensions before it breaks. Also it should not be kept too high from the ground, this may cause the tiles of the floor to break.2.The sticker should not be placed too close to the pulley. If not the wire may touch the pulley when the wire is extended. A distance of 0.4 m is preferre d.3.The load should be added to the hanger slowly and carefully. This is to avoid exerting impulse to the wire and making the masses to oscillate. Otherwise the wire may get extra extension and make the records not appropriate.4.Records should be taken scarce after the sticker stops moving. This is because the wire takes time to extend itself, especially at the later stage when the wire passed the elastic limit and was near breaking.ResultsDiameter of the copper wireD1D2D3D4 mingyValue(in 0.005mm)0.3700.3650.6700.3700.3688Natural length of the wire=1.15mExperiment 1Load(kg)0.10.20.30.40.50.60.70.8Extension(10-3 m)00.50.5111.51.52.0Load(kg)0.911.11.21.31.41.51.6Extension(10-3 m)2.52.53.03.03.54.05.512Load(kg)1.71.81.92.02.12.22.3BrokenExtension(10-3 m)193446607798125/Maximum load for elastic deformation=1.3 kgLoad for breaking the wire=2.3 kgExperiment 2 Load(kg)0.10.20.30.40.50.60.70.8Extension(10-3)00.50.811.21.51.52Load(kg)0.911.11.2ElasticlimitexceededExtension(10-3)2.52.533.5// /Calculations GraphsMaximum capableness wrongful conduct of metre rule = 0.1 cm=0.01mMaximum possible error ofmicrometer screw gauge =0.005mm=510-6 mCross-sectional area of the wire = 1.06810-7 m2Percentage error = 26.77810-3 =1.3557%?Cross-sectional area = (1.071 0.01)x10-7 m2Experiment 1Stress Strain relationshipStress(M Pa)9.34518.6928.0337.3846.7356.0765.4274.76Strain(10-3)00.43480.43480.86960.86961.3041.3041.7392Stress(M Pa)84.1193.45102.8112.1121.5130.8140.1149.5Strain(10-3)2.1742.1742.6092.6093.0433.4784.78310.44Stress(M Pa)158.9168.2177.6186.9196.3205.6215.0BrokenStress(10-3)16.5229.5740.0052.6166.9682.61108.7/Stress at elastic limit=124 M PaPercentage error=Percentage error of the area of the wire=1.3557%?Stress at elastic limit=(124 2)M PaBreaking stress=(215 Pa 3)M PaExperiment 2Stress Strain relationship up to elastic limitStress(M Pa)9.34518.6928.0337.3846.7356.0765.4274.76Strain(10-3)00.46730.74770.93461.1211.4021.4021.869Stress(M Pa)84.1193.45102.8112.1Elastic limitexceededStrain(10-3)2.3362.3362.8043.271///Mean of the stress=60.7 M PaMean of the strain=1.5610-3Slope of the best-fit line=38.9 G PaMaximum slope=42.2 G PaMinimum slope=30.0 G PaMean error=(38.9-36.1)=2.8 G Pa?Young modulus of the copper wire=(38.9 2.8)G PaErrors and Difficulties1.There were systematic errors in this experiment. The masses were not weightinessed to check what its actual weight is. The wire may not be made of pure copper. The air temperature may vary due to air-conditioners. Besides, gravitative acceleration is taken as 10ms-2 alternatively of 9.8ms-22.There was a random error in viewing the sticker. Since the sticker had a few distance from the ruler, errors due to parallax would arise if we view form a dinky bit right or left. So it is difficult to obtain the precise value. To improve this, a nail can be added onto the sticker. The nail was more stalls and gave readings very sharply.3.At the beginning of the experiment, the wire is very uneven. The firs t few extensions we taken may be only due to the reform of the wire into a straight shape.(just like stretching a spring into a straight wire)Discussion1.Near the breaking point, the shape of the wire is very narrow.2.During elastic deformation, the hanger falls and loses gravitational potential energy. This energy change to elastic potential energy. If the wire is unloaded, the energy will be restored to GPE and the wire will return to is original length.3.During plastic deformation, the loss of gravitational potential energy becomes the work do to increase the length of the wire (increase the separations of the particles in the wire). This energy would not be restored even the wire is unloaded.4.Double of the amount of the load is required to break the wires.ConclusionTo obtain the Young modulus of the copper wire by this experiment is convenient. A few apparatus and steps are needed, and it only involves easy calculations. But by comparing to the actual value(124G Pa), the resul t we get (38.9 G Pa) has a great difference from it.This may due to the experiment is done in several assumptions and estimations. We assumed g=10ms-2 and the wire is made of pure copper. We neglected environmental factors and assumed the wire was stretched evenly in every parts.In short, although the experiment is not accurate enough, it provides a good chance for students to practice what they have learned. It is quite shocked that a very thin and long wire can withstand more than 2 kg load.

The Human Conceptualization of the State Essay Example for Free

The Human Conceptualization of the State EssayJohn Locke, in the Second Treatise of Civil Government, envisions a cordial contract in which mortals are natur ally in a state of perfect freedom, in which they utilize objects as thoroughly as themselves as they intrust which is within the truth of nature wherein all mankind was created, by God, equally. Therefore, all humans should be equal amongst fellow beings of the same species and rank without subordination or subjugation. However, Locke specifies that the exception is except when God designates unmatchable individual over a nonher, giving that person undeniable right to be of the ruling class. This means that only persons, designated by God to be superior, are the sole individuals rightfully chosen to rule other beings of the same species. (Locke, Ch. II Sec. 4). In addition to this, he states that all race must treat others, of the same species and rank, with the same courtesies they would expect or desire for themse lves (Locke, Ch. II Sec. 5). However, individuals are subject to uncontrollable liberty to make lend oneself of themselves as well as their possessions in contrast, they are not at liberty to destroy themselves or a creature which they possess (Locke, Ch. II Sec. 6). found on his ideal of the law of nature, all of mankind being equal, one is not at liberty to destroy anothers property, or constitute damage to anothers health, liberty, or life. This is due to Gods ordinance over all human beings, in which they belong to him as well as the fact that God is the only entity which can, or should, dictate the duration of ones life (Locke, Ch. II Sec. 6). As a result, persons who violate the law of nature are subject to the punishment of that individual who was wronged extending this not solely to punishment, hardly also reparation, in which the wrong doer must repay the plaintiff in some manner.In addition, being that when one person is wronged all of world is objectified as a result , any persons whom wish to join the plaintiffs punishment of the transgressor may do so. However, those persons may not join in the plaintiffs reparation, as the plaintiff must be the only one to benefit (Locke, Ch. II Sec. 6, 7, 8). An established state, as Locke has put it, should not have the right to punish an individual who is alien to that nation state. However, mankind as a whole can and must punish those who violate the law of nature (Locke, Ch. II Sec.9).These punishments, in Lockes opinion, should be death including smaller infractions, due to the fact that any transgression against one man to another is not solely a misdemeanor of that singular persons rights, but a violation of all of mankinds rights. The goal of punishment being that it prevents others from committing similar crimes (Locke, Ch. II Sec. 11 12). Also, Locke feels that laws which are not based in the law of nature, but rather in self-interest and corruption, are common within the established countries go vernments (Locke, Ch.II Sec. 12).In the establishment of the state, Locke conveys the fact that based on the law of nature the rulers of said nations are not superior to the subjects which they rule over. A state is produced as a result of multiple men coming together in a desire to entertain their property from the uncertain and cruel state of nature. This preservation results in a commonwealth wherein all of the individuals agree to make compromises to protect life, liberty, and property, resulting in the creation of a system of government and agreed upon laws.However, if a magistrate were to go beyond their duties given to them by the people, at which time they infringe upon others rights, they are committing tyranny in response, the people must pursue anarchy to produce a ruler whom the populous benefits from (Lock, Ch. II Sec. 14 Ch. IV Ch. VIII Ch. IX Ch. XVIII). Thomas Hobbes, in the Leviathan, utilizes the fiction of the state being an artificial human, and to fully under stand all of mankind, we must only study one man rather than all of humanity, which will bring the individuals introspection to the clear origins of our thoughts, desires, and reasons (Hobbes, Intro.).Hobbes believed that what separated us, humans, from animals was our ability for thought, and through and through this process humans are able to look inward and discover the reasons behind the laws which humanity has set forth to govern ourselves (Hobbes, Ch. IV). Hobbes believed that the causation for the development of the state was that of fear, which saved human life, by allowing our species to thrive in a commonwealth which benefits all whom carry part in it (Hobbes, Ch.XIII).The Law of Nature, which must be discovered through reason, describes a situation which can be paralleled to the survival of the fittest scenario. This is due to its condemnation of death of human life, but self-preservation as the ultimate law which governs all of humanitys actions though the faculty whic h Hobbes utilizes, aforementioned fear, can only be solaced through a pursuit of peace, both internally as well as externally (Hobbes, Ch. XIV).This pursuit led humans to seek out an establishment which could peace of mind their fears, which ensued with the eventual conceptualization of the state. On the other hand, Hobbes discusses that though human beings must pursue peace, as required by the laws of nature, our species is also victim to the natural aridity for power, which endeavors to destroy the foundations of a cohesive, effective state (Hobbes, Ch.XVII).Works Cited Hobbes, Thomas. 1660 The Leviathan. Oregon State University. N. p. , n. d. Web. 22 Jan 2013. http//oregonstate. edu/ tutor/phl302/texts/hobbes/leviathan-contents. html. Locke, John. 1690 The Second Treatise of Civil Government. Oregon State University. N. p. , n. d. Web. 22 Jan 2013. http//oregonstate. edu/instruct/phl302/texts/locke/locke2/2nd-contents. html.

Effect of Job Satisfaction on Employee Performance

Effect of Job Satisfaction on Employee Performance interpolationNowadays, it is genuinely tough to find dedicated employees who could be relied on when the going gets tough. It takes an encouraging supervisor to stir up an employee to stay on his job stance and to do his job well. Likewise, it takes a committed inclineer to persist in his job no matter how difficult it may be, as long as he is properly be actived and satisfied with his job.Just what makes a worker motivated to do his job well? What makes him satisfied in his job? This paper attempts to go over the aforementioned questions within a certain corporation, conviction Industries, Ltd. It will take on a soft study. It will be employing the use of questionnaires and a digest pigeonholing inter pile to probe into the issues of job indigence and job blessedness and if this translates to performance and efficiency.Research ObjectivesThe objectives of the study will beTo examine the strategies that organisations use t o motivate their employeesTo explore the relationship between employee motive and job satisfaction.To examine organisational performance and efficiency.To examine organisational performance and efficiency inculpates.To examine the impact of employee job satisfaction and need on organisational performance and efficiency.Statement of the Problem How does employee job satisfaction and motivation affect his performance and efficiency in the organization?The study will seek to answer the following questionsWhat atomic number 18 the strategies that organisations use to motivate their employees?What is the correlation between employee motivation and job satisfaction?What is organisational performance and efficiency?What does organisational performance and efficiency entail?What is the impact of employee job satisfaction and motivation on organisational performance and efficiency?Research MethodologyData collection will be carried out by use of questionnaires. A emphasis group interv iew sh all in all be implemented so that a selected group of employees throne give in-depth answers to issues pertaining to job satisfaction and motivation and how it affects their own performance and efficiency. It will withal draw out frequently information from the thorough review of literature, so analysis of the results of the questionnaire and interview will be done in the backdrop of a rich tapestry of motivation models and principles.Descriptive research design will then be used where qualitative analysis will be made basing on the variables that aim at examining the impact of employee job satisfaction and motivation on organisational performance and efficiency. This is because descriptive methods atomic number 18 quite effective in identifying concrete socio-economic issues such as the impact of employee job satisfaction and motivation onorganisational performance and efficiency (Silverman 1993 Beverley 1998 Strauss and Corbin 1990).Significance of the tryThe study ai ms to benefit organizational development purposes, specifically the human resources department. A thorough review of literature on motivation shall be done explaining theories, models and principles of how an psyche is encouraged to do something for himself and for others. This research will enlighten employers on how to motivate their employees so they do better in their jobs and result in job satisfaction on the part of the latter. It becomes an win-win situation for everyone concerned if motivation is appropriate and effective and will elicit initiative on the part of the employee.Chapter TwoReview of literatureMotivation comes from the enjoyment of work itself and from the desire to achieve goals set by the soul (Dawson, 2009). Each individual has different goals. Some are financial, comparable working longer hours for extra income or exerting to a crackinger extent effort dependable to push sales. Some set their sights on a promotion of rank believing that if they do well on their jobs and accept the challenge of more responsibilities that eventually, they level up to a position of more power and authority. This paper argues the need for employers to downstairsstand how their workers are motivated and how they can use such information to produce better results for the organization.Knowledge of employee motivation is an advantage for employers. When this knowledge is applied, it becomes a win-win situation for both parties since the employees are motivated to pursue shared organizational goals while the employer encourages the productivity in his organization.Handy (1999) reports that the initial goals of motivation research was to encourage individuals to will better help to their employers by exerting more effort and maximizing their talents at work. Having a well-motivated workforce may be equivalent to better work productivity and success in product salability in the market. Additional advantages are lower level of absenteeism and rung h itchovers because the employees are satisfied with their work. This also direction that training and recruitment costs are lowered because work positions are al elbow rooms reliably staffed (Dawson, 2009).Douglas McGregors Theory X and Y gained much attention in the 1960s. He claimed that an individual falls under either of 2 categories, X or Y. The X individual call for a lot of controlling, directing, coercion and thereat just so he gets work done. On the other hand, individuals under Theory Y do non see work as tedious and instead, commits to the goals they have set. Meeting these goals becomes the reward in itself. The amount individual stays in the middle ground. He prefers to be directed and avoids responsibility as much as he can. However, when left with no choice, he learns to accept it and carry it out. Further, even if imagination or creativity is widely distributed across the population, individual potentials of people are only partially used in work (Dawson, 2009). Th is now begs the question of how employers can find employees who fall under the Theory Y category, those who are motivated enough to give their better to the job. other early motivation theories include the Satisfaction Theory, the Incentive Theory and the Intrinsic Theory. The Satisfaction theory posits that a satisfied worker works even harder and proves his the true to the organization he belongs to by staying longer there. Who would want to leave a work environment that provides satisfaction? If one is happy there, there would be short(p) no motivation to leave, and utmost motivation to stay on. The Incentive theory claims that an individual will increase his efforts to obtain a reward, which are mostly requital packages such as salary increases or access to more company benefits. The Intrinsic theory is culled from Maslows theory of hierarchy of Needs. He categorized human of necessity as hierarchal from the basic physiological needs moving to safety, belongingness and lov e, esteem and finally self-actualization. Maslow contends that these needs serve as motivators (Handy, 1999). For example, a man is motivated to work to earn money for his family to provide for their basic needs of food, clothing and shelter. However, as the man becomes richer and is able to meet his and his familys physiological and safety needs, he ensures that his higher needs are likewise met. As one level of needs is met, the individuals needs move up to the next level until he has met most of his needs and just strives for self-actualization. As an application to work, an employee likewise moves up the organizational ladder and strives to reach the highest position he can achieve. At that point, he is earning enough money, has gained enough belongingness and acknowledgment and as a reflection of his need for self-actualization, is motivated to leave a legacy behind.In relation to Maslows Hierarchy of Needs theory, a real-life example from the internationalistic company, IKEA , is illustrated. This Scandanavian-based company is known to be the largest supplier and manufacturer of furniture worldwide. In 2004, IKEA in Denmark took the initiative to give their entire checkout staff a 25% raise. IKEA has more of them than any other group and it meant a sizeable increase in total monthly overhead expenses. However, it was a business decision that joyous the checkout staff. It follows that happy employees are bound to create positive results for the company (Kjerulf, n.d.). One is lower employee turnover. This provides tremendous savings for the company of time and money recruiting rising staff. It also means that the longer workers stay with a company, the more experienced they become and the more they identify with the company. Hence, the company develops a more experienced and incorruptible staff. Being so, they provide better service, gaining higher customer satisfaction. The companys reputation of providing high quality of service to its customers is spreads rapidly by word of mouth, thereby incurring more sales and profit for the company.Although IKEA incurred a humongous expense with the implementation of the raise, it paid itself within six months. Analyzing why this worked for IKEA, Kjerulf gives three reasons. The first is that the raise obviously gave the staff a significant improvement in their standard of living. The recipients were the least paid in the company, so a 25% raise made a ample difference in ground of their quality of life. Secondly, the salary increase gave people recognition. IKEA acknowledged that they were the most important group of employees since they are the only employees customers are plausibly to talk to at the end of the sale because customers help themselves with the products anyway. This acknowledgement makes the checkout staff feel valued and trusted. Finally, IKEA promoted the value of fairness. The recipients of the raise were suddenly paid as well as other employees, and even higher than the market average of their counterparts.So it is non really the salary increase that motivated the employees. More than that, they gained much in terms of self-esteem and the feeling of being valued as a worker. Albert Martens, one of IKEAs HR heads posits that giving financial incentive to staff does non actually increase the motivation of a worker who values customer-focused attitude more than money. Because they feel important due to such great service attached them, customers come back not only for the quality of IKEAs products but for the kind of service they get from the staff. The staff in turn, gets intrinsically rewarded by this (Whitehead, 2006).According to arbiter et al. (2001) the happier people are in the workplace, the more satisfied they are. Weiss (2002) and Rain et al. (1991) concur with this argument that employee job satisfaction and employee motivation are clearly linked. Rain et al. (1991) and hot up and Ferris (1987, pp. 287-322) agree with usher (1997 ) that human resources are the most important assets that any organisation can boast to own and to maintain because people utilise and turn the organisations resources into products that the organisation needs in order to perform and to efficiently and effectively meet the needs of its customers.Workers expect some sort of psychological contracts from their employers. Consciously or unconsciously, they anticipate more than the benefits and compensation that the job usually presents. Workers expect support from management, work that is challenging and interesting and communication that is open and honest. These non-monetary rewards have become very significant to the motivation of workers. Of course their economical needs have to be fulfilled (as in the basic physiological and security needs in Maslows Hierarchy of Needs), however, their socio-emotional needs have to be given attention as well (as in the sense of belonging and esteem needs referred to by Maslow). Lester, Clair Kicku l (2001) contend that the subtraction of this is that from the beginning, employers do not only discuss the workers compensation package also emphasize the aspects of the company that will be intrinsically satisfying to the workers.Money and other status symbols like higher job positions and titles, more spacious and opulent offices, and the like do not really increase ones motivation (Kohn, 1999). This may have the appearance _or_ semblance unbelievable, but each time a person is extrinsically-rewarded for doing something, it reduces their intrinsic motivation. Employers need to remember that intrinsic motivation spurs an individual to perform well and to high standards because the person does something on his own volition and commits to doing his best in the task (Kjerulf, n.d.).It is essential that employers realize the importance of such psychological contracts They should keep in mind that all employees desire work that is significant, recognition and credit for such work, c reative freedom and opportunities for personal growth. As a start, open and honest communication must be established and maintained in the organization. This must include encouragement and boosting of self-esteem of workers. Lack of communication may suggest to employees that the employer is susceptible to breach their psychological contract.Porter (1997) asserts that job satisfaction is a key indicator of how employees feel intimately their jobs and a predictor of work behaviours such as organisational loyalty, absenteeism and employee turnover. Fried and Ferris (1987, pp. 287-322) concur with Porters view that job satisfaction can partially mediate the relationship of personality variables and deviant work behaviours. According to Weiss (2002, pp. 173-194) and Porter (1997), there exists a huge correlation between job satisfaction and productivity.Job satisfaction amongst employees of trustingness Industries as a result of effective motivation packages has increased growth due t o the fealty that workers exercise. According to trust Industries Limited (2010), this has come as a result of various motivation packages such as competitive compensation packages and world-class exposures that notch employees opportunities to learn and experience the world. Porter (1997) states that one source of an organisations competitive advantage is job satisfaction. Reliance Industries Limited recognises this and that is the reason why the company walks an extra burl to ensure that employees are satisfied on the job and this has enabled it to attract and retain excellent talent that places the company at a more competitive position that has enabled it to invest in innovative and lucrative ventures in areas such as Information Communication Technologies (ICTs), bio-technology-led research, life sciences and many more (Forbes 2010 Reliance Industries Limited 2010). investing of more time and effort in the establishment and sustenance of healthy relationships with workers k eeps employers updated of their workers progress in both personal and professional areas.Motivating workers can be a challenge for leaders. However, it is well worth the time and effort in the end, as the workers themselves will bear fruits for the organization.Introduction About Chosen Organisation (Reliance Industries)Reliance Industries Limited was founded in 1966 by Dhirubhai Ambani, the Indian industrialist and was the pioneer in the introduction of financial instruments such as fully convertible debentures into the Indian stock markets (Forbes 2010). It is allege by critics that the success of Reliance Industries Limited at the top position in terms of market capitalisation is the ability of the founder to manipulate the levers of a controlled economy to its advantage. The major subsidiaries and associates of Reliance Industries Limited include Reliance Petroleum Limited (RPL) Reliance Life Sciences Reliance Industrial Infrastructure Limited (RIIL) Reliance Institute of Life Sciences (Rils) Relicord Reliance Solar Reliance Clinical Research Services (RCRS) Reliance Logistics (P) Limited (Cable News Network 2010).Reliance Industries Limited has 3 million shareholders and 1 out of every 4 investors in India is a Reliance shareholder (Cable News Network 2010). This makes it the company the organisation in which most stock is widely held in the whole world. According to Forbes (2010), the subsidiaries and associates of Reliance Industries Limited are the best performers in the Indian stock market. By market value, Reliance Industries Limited is the largest private sector company in India with an annual turnover of US$ 44 billion and profit of US$ 3.6 billion for the year completion in March 2010 and assets valued at US$ 43.61 (Forbes 2010).The company is ranked at 264th position in the Fortune Global 500 list in 2009 and at the 126th position in the Forbes Global 2000 list in 2010 (Cable News Network 2010 Forbes 2010). Reliance Industries Limited is one of the main players in the oil and petrochemicals labor in India. Although the companys main focus is oil, it has diversified its operations in recent times as a result of severe differences between the founders sons, Mukesh Ambani and Anil Ambani after(prenominal) the company was divided between them in 2006 (Cable News Network 2010).Chapter ThreeMethodologyStrauss and Corbin (1990) stated that qualitative research is any kind of research that produces findings not arrived at by means of statistical procedures or other means of quantification. Glesne (1999) stated that qualitative researchers seek out a variety of perspectives they do not reduce the multiple interpretations to a norm. Strauss and Corbin (1990) claimed that qualitative methods can be used to better understand any phenomenon about which little is yet known. They can also be used to gain new perspectives on things about which much is already known, or to gain more in-depth information that may be difficult to convey q uantitatively, or where the researcher has determined that quantitative measures cannot adequately describe or interpret a situation.a. QuestionnairesThe use of questionnaires as a means of appeal data from the research participants, with an aim in obtaining their personal views on job satisfaction and motivation and how it affects their performance and efficiency has been selected for this particular research. (Campbell et al., 2004) describe questionnaires as a very versatile data-gathering method they are cheap, easy to administer, whether it be to three people or 300, and can be used to gather a great variety of data of both quantitative and qualitative nature. (Campbell et al., 2004, p. 146). Cohen et al. (2000) also praise the use of questionnaires for their efficiency. They allow an efficient use of the researchers time, as they can collect a significant amount of information in one attempt, rather than conducting interviews over a period of weeks. Gillham (2000) also highli ghts that questionnaires make efficient use of the respondents time, as they can complete the questionnaire at a time that is suitable to them and does not require the researcher and respondent to match free periods of time to conduct the research. Cohen et al. (2000) and Gillham (2000) emphasize the service program of questionnaires for ensuring the participants anonymity, which in this study, may be requested due to its very sensitive and controversial nature. If the respondents cannot be identified, they may be more willing to write about issues and opinions more openly than they would in a face-to-face situation. It could be argued then that questionnaires are therefore most likely to generate more truthful answers as there is no personal contact with the interviewer.However, a disadvantage of using questionnaires is that the only data collected is a variety of tick boxes and brief responses, which means the data tends to have more breadth than depth. This results from the lack of an interviewer to prompt for further information or more detail in their answers, and they cannot interpret questions for the participant who is unreadable about what is being asked. This may result in each participant having to decipher what they are being asked independently and may resort to their own internal understanding of the questions.The following questions will be asked in the questionnaires and will be discussed in detail in a focus group interview conducted later onAre you satisfied with your job right now? Why or why not?What motivates you to do your job well?What are the strategies that your organisations use to motivate their employees?Do you think employee motivation leads to job satisfaction? Explain.How do you define organisational performance and efficiency?What does organisational performance and efficiency entail?How would you rate yourself in terms of job performance and efficiency?What do you think is the impact of employee job satisfaction and motivati on on organisational performance and efficiency?b. InterviewsTo pursue the questions in depth, a selected group of participants who answered the questionnaires will be asked to join a focus group interview. The interview method involves questioning or a discussion of issues with one or more people. It is useful to collect data which may not be accessible through observation or questionnaires (Blaxter et al, 2006).Robson (2002) points out how the interview is a pliant and adaptable research tool. In face to face interviews, there is the possibility of following up interesting responses. Frey and Mertens-Oishi (1995) comment how respondent participation can be enhanced by the interviewer sensitively guiding the questioning, and being able to answer any questions which the respondent may ask. Oppenheim (1992) suggests that the response rate is higher in interviews than in questionnaires, due to the fact that participants become more involved.c. Qualitative Content Analysis of Literatu reThe content analysis of findings from several studies in the review of literature is another(prenominal) great source of a wealth of information for this current study. Content analysis is a research technique for making replicable and valid inferences from texts (or other meaningful matter) to the contexts of their use (Krippendorff, 2004, p. 18). Constructs researched on and analyze may be derived from existing theories or practices, the experience or knowledge of experts and previous research (Krippendorff, 2004). Content analysis aims to provide knowledge, new insights, a representation of facts and a practical guide to action (Elo Kyngas, 2008).Qualitative content analysis flows from a humanistic tradition. Replacing hypotheses associated with quantitative research methods are open questions that guide the research and influence the data that are self-contained (White and Marsh, 2006). The researcher reads through the data and analyzes them thoroughly to identify concepts a nd patterns. He or she may discover patterns and concepts that emerge but were not foreshadowed but are nevertheless important to consider and report.For this study, available literature already reports data which has been gathered and analyzed by competent researchers in the field. The researcher is in a position to compare existing literature and discern which information will best answer the questions pertaining to this current research study.ProcedureFirstly, permission to conduct the research should be sought from the rightful authorities of Reliance Industries Limited by way of written correspondence. The letter includes the aims and objectives of the study and the methodology to be used. The company will also be assured that they will be furnished a replicate of the final research paper.Questionnaires will be distributed to the employees of the company either by hand or by email. Demographic data of the participants shall be collected like their gender, age, civil status and length of time they have served with the company.A small group of 7 to 10 employees shall be randomly selected from the pool of participants to engage in a focus group interview. This small group interview will be to follow up on their responses in the questionnaire and to further probe into their insights regarding motivation and job satisfaction and how these affect their performance and efficiency in their jobs.The focus group interview will be audio-recorded and transcribed in verbatim. The interview questions already stated above will be asked of the participants to guide the flow of the interview and the participants will take turns answering them and responding to others answers as well. An interviewer will be hired to help the interview and may ask follow up questions to clarify some answers. This interviewer will be briefed beforehand on the objectives of the research and how to conduct the focus group interview to elicit candid responses from the participants. The partic ipants are ensured of the confidentiality of their responses as their real names will not be used in reporting the responses as data. This joint is to give students the opportunity to elaborate and freely express their insights with regard to student-teacher relationships. The focus group discussions are believed to add pertinent information to the study.Data AnalysisResponses from the questionnaires and focus group interview will be culled and sorted according to themes that may surface (ex. motivations, company strategies to motivate employees, etc.). Each theme will be analyzed with the backdrop of the information gathered from the literature review.